Tomato fruits with exserted carpels.                  <p>

Young, P.A.<p>
     
Exserted carpels on tomato fruits were studied for the last 8 years as defects
in breeding stocks.  Selection G1465 (PI l26421 from Peru) showed prominent
carpels exserted 2 to 10 mm.  from the blossom-end of some of its fruits.
Each fruit had 1 to 25 exserted carpels.  Usually only one or two fruits per
plant showed the exserted carpels, and certain plants did not show them,
indicating reduced penetrance. However, the plants showed many oblate lobed
catfaced fruits which exserted carpels occurred in this selection.
Vertebrae-crack lines usually surrounded the mass of protruding carpels.*
G1465 was illustrated as "Tomato Orchid" in the 1954 seed catalogue of
Glecklers Seedsmen, Metamora, Ohio.<p>
     
G1465 was crossed with non-fasciated green-wrap tomatoes (Urbana, Stokesdale
and W1083).  No fruits with exserted carpels appeared on any of the 548 Plants
of the F1 generation of 15 crosses, which indicated a recessive character for
exserted carpels.<p>
     
The 328 plants of the F2 generation segregated with 80% of the plants of 6
closely related families without exserted carpels and 20% with exserted
carpels. This indicates a recessive character but deviates 5% from a 3:1 ratio
as an average for 6 families.  Dr.  H.  H.  Hadley, Geneticist at A.  &amp; M.
College of Texas, made a chisquare analysis of the data for the F2
segregation.  He decided that the data support the conclusion that one pair of
genes is involved.  Accordingly, the symbol, ec, is proposed for the recessive
gene that determines exserted carpels in G1475.<p>
     
Two other families of the crosses of G1465 with Urbana and Stokesdale tomatoes
showed a rare type of fruit.  The F1 hybrids bore five lobed-fruits each of
which consisted of 3, 4 or 6 separate carpels.  Seeds of the 4-lobed and
6-lobed fruits were planted but no lobed fruits appeared on the plants of the
F2 generation. <p>
     
Exserted carpels resembling those of G1465 appeared on some fruits of a
selection of G1129 (PI 110946 from Colombia).  Another type of exserted
carpels occurred on some red-plum tomatoes 2 cm. in diameter of G1263 (PI
126932).  One to 4 slender carpels extended 1/2 to 1 cm. from the blossom end
of many of the fruits on the plants.  Outer ends of some of the exserted
carpels remained yellow after the fruits turned red.  Some exserted carpels
were branched.  No vertebrae-crack lines were noticed on the fruits of G1263.<p>
     
A third type of separate carpels with independent epidermis on the outer parts
occurred in two fruits of S1119.  These fruits developed long deep blossom
-end cracks while green, and 2 or 3 large carpels grew in the cracks o4l each
fruit.  They looked like new tomato fruits growing inside the old fruits.<p>

____________________ <p>
* Young, P.A.  Vertebrae-crack lines of tomato fruits. Plant Disease Rptr.
  37:325.  1953.<p>

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