Use
of
a
single
probe
CP58
for
simultaneous
selection
of
resistance
genes
to
potato
virus
Y
(PVY),
PVA
and
cyst
nematode
(GCN)
in
the
tuber
-
bearing
Solanum
Hamalainen
1
,
J
.
H
.
,
Valkonen
1
,
J
.
P
.
T
.
,
Pineda
2
,
O
.
,
Slack
2
,
S
.
,
Gebhardt
3
,
C
.
,
and
Watanabe
4
,
K
.
N
.
1
.
Swedish
Univ
.
Agr
.
Sci
.
,
Uppsala,
Sweden;
2
.
Mendel
Biotechnology,
21375
Cabot
Blvd
.
,Hayward,
CA,
94546,
USA;
3
.
Max
-
Planck
Inst
.
-
Koln,
Germany;
4
.
Fac
.
Biosci
.
,
Kinki
Univ
.
,
Japan
Potato
virus
Y(PVY)
is
the
major
viral
pathogen
of
potato
in
most
temperate
areas
in
the
world,
e
.
g
.
Northern
Europe,
North
Eastern
region
of
USA
and
Canada,
and
Hokkaido,
Japan
.
Potential
yield
loss
could
be
70%
or
even
higher
.
PVA
is
also
a
causal
agent
for
the
viral
disease
commonly
occurring
in
temperate
zones
.
Cultivars
with
resistance
to
PVY
and
PVA
have
promise
as
a
persistent
and
cost
-
effective
means
of
control
augmented
by
a
strict
seed
certification
system
.
Potato
golden
cyst
nematode
(GCN,
Globodera
rostochiensis
),
pathotype
Ro1
occurs
in
the
same
regions
as
PVY,
and
also
causes
serious
damage
to
potato
production
.
Extreme
resistances
(ER)
are
available
against
both
PVY
and
GCN,
and
hypersensitive
resistance
is
available
against
PVA
.
The
ERs
to
PVY
are
available
from
several
cultivated
and
wild
relative
species:
S
.
tubersum
ssp
.
andigena
(
Ryadg
),
S
.
stoloniferum
(
Rysto
),
S
.
chacoense
(
Rychc
)
and
putative
resistance
loci
were
reported
on
S
.
brevidens
and
S
.
phureja
.
Ryadg
and
Rysto
are
single
dominant
genes
.
The
ER
genes
to
GCN
are
also
available
from
a
couple
of
sources:
the
major
source
is
H1
gene
from
S
.
tubersum
ssp
.
andigena
.
The
HR
gene
against
PVA
is
also
located
on
Chrom
XI
of
potato
(Hamalainen
et
al
.
2000)
with
the
same
region
as
Ryadg
.
To
facilitate
potato
breeding
for
the
resistances,
molecular
markers
have
been
employed
on
these
traits
.
Ryadg
is
located
on
Chromosome
XI
at
the
proximal
end,
closely
linked
with
RFLP
markers
such
as
TG508,
GP125,
CD17,
and
CT168
.
CP58(A)
on
Chrom
XI
was
successful
in
distinguishing
Ryadg
(R)
and
S
genotypes
in
96%
out
of
200
cultivars
and
breeding
lines
from
the
Americas
and