morphological or physiological effect on the phenotype. Using this method, seed companies could adopt specific
alleles to identify their products. Whether would-be patent seekers are willing to expend the effort to incorporate
these rare alleles is another question, but the potential is there.
Valkova-Achkova, Z. L. peruvianum, a source of CMS. (submitted by C. Daskaloff]
Cytoplasmic-nuclear relations between L. peruvianum and other species of the genus have not been
well studied because of the unilateral incompatibility between the self-compatible and self-incompatible
species and the considerable reproductive isolation of the peruvianum complex. The non-crossability of L.
peruvianum can be overcome by hybridization at the heteroploid level (diploid peruvianum and tetraploid
mate) or by the use of inbred lines of L. peruvianum. By means of the first method we obtained hybrids and
backcross generations between L. peruvianum (female parent) and L. hirsutum f. typicum, L. hirsutum f.
glabratum, L. minutum, and S. pennellii. F1 L. peruvianum (diploid) x L. hirsutum f. glabratum (tetraploid) was
used as a bridge between L. peruvianum on the one hand and L. pimpinellifolium on the other. By means of
the second method we obtained hybrids between L. peruvianum and L. peruvianum var. humifusum and S.
pennellii. CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) manifestations were observed only in the combinations L.
Peruvianum x L. hirsutum f. typicum and L. peruvianum x S. pennellii. The flowers of the plants of BC1-P2 to
BC4-P2 in the last two combinations grew smaller, the corolla was slightly curled, did not open completely,
and often the style was hidden in some of its folds. The stamens were progressively reduced in BC1 to BC4.
Even in BC1 they contained little pollen, whose viability was severely lowered. CMS was manifested earlier
and was more extreme in the pennellii hybrid (see table). In both combinations the ovules functioned
normally. In all plants the changes in flower morphology and pollen viability were in one direction and no
deviations or exceptions were observed.
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