High tolerance limits for 2S2S chromosomes reported here were found after
crossing a 2n+3(2S2S) plant with a ditertiary tetrasomic, 2n+2(5L7S), described
by Gill (Genetics 77:61-70; 1974). This cross originated a plant with four extra
chromosomes of constitution 2n+3(2S2S) +1(5L7S). Selfed progeny of this
individual produced two 2n+4(2S2S) plants. From three generations of selfing on
these plants, selection for individuals with higher 2S2S chromosome numbers made
it possible to obtain plants with up to eight 2S2S chromosomes. Since the
original parental plants were of different genetic background (VF36 and San
Marzano cultivars), the variability produced in the selfed generations expedited
the selection response for tolerant genotypes for higher chromosome numbers.
The high tolerance of heterochromatic 2S2S chromosomes suggests the use of
the tomato as an ideal organism for investigating certain aspects of molecular
cytogenetics. One extra 2S2S chromosome adds two nucleolar organizer regions.
Hence, it is possible to have plants ranging from two to 18 [2n+8(2S2S)]
nucleolar organizer regions. The versatility of the 2S2S chromosome system could
prove advantageous in elucidating problems concerning nucleolar organization,
ribosomal gene regulation, and other related phenomena.
Reeves, A. F. Elevated stomata of h.
The hairless mutant, h, located on
chromosome 10, has been used
extensively for several years. It has been described as lacking the larger stem
hairs. A close microscopic examination of its stems revealed that the
multicellular bases of the large hairs are still present in approximately the
normal frequency. Furthermore, at the apex of the multicellular base is found not
the typical long trichome, but a fully developed stomatal apparatus. A paper
reporting this discovery and including photomicrographs is in preparation.
In my present position I will not be able to pursue this further. I hope
someone with the appropriate facilities will take an interes in following up on
this developmental abnormality. Scanning EM pictures would be most helpful.
Quite by accident in the spring of
1975 some Red Cherry seedlings were
induced to develop entire leaves.
Just as the seedlings
Reeves, A. F. Phenocopy of e,
entire leaf.
were emerging through the soil, the greenhouse in which they were growing was
fumigated with pyrethrins in the form of a commercial product known as "Fog-a-
Sect". Some extremely cold weather immediately following the fumigation prevented
opening and airing out the greenhouse for a period of two to three weeks. During
this time 100% of the Red Cherry seedlings (ca. 300) produced entire leaves. The
phenocopy was so good that I was about to discard the flat, thinking I had planted
the wrong seed; however, when the fourth and fifth true leaves developed (and
subsequent leaves), it could be seen that these were indeed the normal Red Cherry
seedlings. Some of these plants were transplanted to the field where they
flourished normally and produced normal fruits.
The greenhouse fumigated with one can of "Fog-a-Sect" designed to cover
10,000 cubic feed encompassed about 2,500 cubic feet. Thus, while I do not know
the actual concentration of pyrethrins, especially over the extended period of
time, it was much greater than that recommended for white fly treatment.
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